A new generation of wireless transmission technology: LoRa

Today, information technology is highly developed. Following the Internet, the Internet of Things triggered widespread concern in the community with lightning speed. With the rapid rise of the Internet of Things and the increasing number of applications, wireless communication protocols such as WiFi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, etc., there is a wealth of choices when building the Internet of Things.

Different communication technologies have different characteristics, but also have their own application scenarios. However, for long distance, low power consumption, only a small amount of data needs to be transmitted, there is currently no wireless communication technology that can better meet the above requirements, which is why LoRa technology was born.

LoRa introduction

LoRa is an acronym for Long Range in English. It is a kind of communication technology of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ultra-long-distance and low-power data transmission technology released by Semtech in 2013. In the past, before LPWAN was created, it seemed that only trade-offs could be made between long range and low power consumption. The emergence of LoRa wireless technology has changed the trade-off between transmission distance and power consumption, which not only enables long-distance transmission but also has the advantages of low power consumption and low cost.

LoRa's network is formed as shown in the following figure. The remote node can connect with the backend network server through multiple gateways to upload the data to the cloud or server. In the LoRa network, each node will not be connected to each other, you must first connect to the gateway in order to connect back to the central host, or through the central host data to another node. The message of the terminal node can be transmitted to multiple gateways at the same time. The message can also be further bridged by the bridge between the gateways to further extend the transmission distance.

LoRa vs. LoRaWAN

LoRa is a physical layer or wireless modulation used to establish long-haul communication keys. Many traditional wireless systems use frequency shift keying (FSK) to effectively meet the needs of low power consumption. LoRa is based on chirp modulation, which not only retains the same low power characteristics as FSK modulation but also increases communication distance, improves network efficiency and eliminates interference.

LoRaWAN is used to define the communication protocol and system architecture of the network. It is a low-power wide area network standard introduced by the LoRa Alliance, and can effectively implement the LoRa physical layer to support long-distance communication. This protocol and architecture have far-reaching implications for the end-user's battery life, network capacity, quality of service, security and the right application scenarios. In short, LoRaWAN is actually a type of network (WAN = Wide Area Network).

LoRa advantage

LoRa has the advantages of long distance, low power consumption and low cost. With a range of transmission distances of 15 to 20 kilometers, LoRa's low power consumption extends battery life, license-free bands, infrastructure and node / terminal costs, all of which make LoRa significantly less expensive to use.

LoRa practical application

In recent years, LoRa wireless technology development matures, and gradually put together a complete ecosystem of Internet of Things applications. In order to promote the Internet of things and build a smart city, the Taipei municipal government has also taken advantage of the trend of this technology. Through LoRaWan technology, the IOT experiment platform has been built to solve the public's needs with smart solutions. In addition to the smart city solution promoted by Taipei City Government, the application scenarios suitable for LoRa also include the following categories:

Wisdom building

The past, the construction equipment gradually can not meet the human requirements for living quality, intelligent building has become a trend. The transformation of the building, adding temperature and humidity and safety sensors, and regular monitoring information uploaded to facilitate the supervision of building management, keep abreast of the latest construction status. (An extension of reading: the new trend of smart building future construction)

Wisdom fire

Fire and disaster relief work and fire escape, both are second to none. Existing fire-fighting equipment can only achieve limited effectiveness in the event of a fire. Take the escape sign as an example, the static indication signal can not cope with the change of the fire scene, and tells the evacuee the correct escape direction in real time, which often delays the escape time. Dynamic guidance system using LoRa wireless transmission technology, long distance, low frequency and low power characteristics, in the event of a fire, the dynamic guidance of the host sends a signal to the cloth built in the building dynamic guide light board, as LoRa go Is below the low frequency band below 1GHz, so do not worry about the signal is subject to interference from other wireless communications, the light board will be given an indication immediately after receiving the signal, to guide the asylum to a safe escape route. (An extension of reading: the birth of a small green man (b): emergency evacuation of wisdom evacuation instructions)

Wisdom agriculture

For agriculture, low-power and low-cost sensors are important. Wisdom agriculture applies IoT technology to traditional agriculture. Regular uploads of environmental data such as temperature, humidity and salinity through sensors are useful information for agriculture to increase production and reduce water consumption.

Logistics tracking

The battery life of the terminal is very important for tracking or positioning, which is quite suitable for tracking with LoRa technology due to the cost of tracking the system as well as battery life. For example, in the shipping process, the goods will be stored in warehouses for most of the time or distributed through trucks, so the traders only need to store goods in the warehouse, Logistics network covered area, and even the truck installed LoRa gateway, you can make the goods on the tracker connected to the network. For the industry, it strengthens management and efficiency and avoids the loss of goods. For consumers, it also has the effect of grasping the flow of goods as well as the schedule.

In summary, as IoT technology continues to mature, the technology it will eventually extend will dramatically change people's living standards. Any kind of wireless communication technology has its own suitable application scenarios. However, LoRa is widely used. The characteristics of long-distance transmission, low frequency and low power consumption greatly reduce the usage and maintenance cost of Internet of Things data transmission. LoRa has become an important part of building a smart city and will make human life more comfortable and secure

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