Road transport - the best mode of transportation for West Coal South Transportation

Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in southwest China are the main origin of coal, and coal is the main energy of Guangdong Pearl River Delta region. Huge market demand has contributed to the development of the southern fuel logistics industry. At present, some enterprises in the south specialize in fuel logistics business, and organize transportation of coal for manufacturers in the Pearl River Delta region in Yunnan and Guizhou.

With the diversification of transportation methods, the improvement of transportation conditions and the increase of transportation methods, a new problem has emerged – which method is more economical and reasonable for the West Coal South Games?

1. Characteristics of different modes of transportation

Railway transport. The cost of loading and unloading, billing and charging costs of railway transportation, vehicle scheduling and reloading costs, etc. lead to high cost of railway transportation nodes, and the unit cost decreases as the volume and transportation distance of each batch of goods increases.

Waterway transportation. The fixed cost of waterway transportation is related to the operation of the node, including the port charges and cargo handling charges when the vessel enters the port. In the actual operation of the enterprise, the loading and unloading speed of coal cargo by water transportation is extremely slow, the complicated handling makes the terminal cost high, and the lower line cost can be offset by the higher end point cost.

Road transport. The cost of car transportation is mainly divided into terminal costs and line costs. Endpoint costs include pick-up, delivery and unloading costs, node handling costs, billing fees, and billing costs, which account for approximately 15%-20% of the total cost.

2. Multimodal transport of coal fuel

Coal fuel has a high calorific value. The customer has high requirements for the fixed carbon and ash content in the coal, and the fixed carbon contained in the coal is easily weathered. Therefore, in the process of coal logistics, how to ensure that fixed carbon does not weather, is a problem to be considered.

In the case of underdeveloped road transport and poor basic road facilities, coal logistics mainly uses multimodal transport. However, due to the large number of intermediate links, the loss is large. Figure 1 shows the western coal multimodal transport process, which describes the operation of multimodal transport of coal fuel in the west.

(1) The total cost of logistics using multimodal transport. Enterprises use multimodal transport, transporting 1 ton of coal from Guangxi or Guizhou to the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong. The cost is about: coal price y=700 yuan/ton; automobile freight a=50 yuan/ton; site fee + loading and unloading fee b=30 yuan/ton; train leather transportation, billing cost + loading and unloading fee c=(150+70) yuan/ton=220 yuan/ton; terminal transit fee d=35 yuan/ton; ship freight e=60 yuan/ Tons; unloading fees, short-haul freight rates f = 30 yuan / ton.

The logistics cost is: y+a+b+c+d+e+f=1125 yuan/ton

For coal logistics, due to the complexity of the link, too many loading and unloading times will result in the loss of goods and the production of certain pulverized coal particles. The actual cargo loss during the logistics process is about 70 yuan / ton. The total cost of logistics is: 1125+70=1195 yuan/ton.

(2) Unfavorable factors in adopting multimodal transport

First, the logistics cycle of coal is long. When the logistics link arrives at the yard waiting for the train, the train skin is crucial at this time. But often it takes a lot of procedures, and it takes a long time to apply for a suitable wagon and transfer the goods to the dock. At the dock, the goods are waiting for the chartered ship, and the goods need to be stored on the yard for a certain period of time. Because waterway transportation is greatly affected by weather and environment, its transportation time cannot be determined for ships in transit, which makes the logistics cycle too long (almost 2-3 weeks) and low logistics efficiency.

Second, the quality of coal varies greatly. Due to the transportation cycle of the railway in the intermodal mode, the transit time of the terminal and the transportation time of the ship are too long, and the fixed carbon in the coal is largely weathered, resulting in a decrease in the fixed carbon content. Moreover, there are too many transit links, and the situation of loss of goods and losses is also very serious.

Third, logistics costs are high and risks are high. The train wagons in the Qujing area of ​​Yunnan are often in short supply, making the transportation costs of trains fluctuate greatly. If there are fewer cars and more cars, the railway freight rate will be raised immediately. Shipping goods will affect the sailing period due to the rise and fall of the river water level; the vibration caused by the waves will cause the goods to be scattered, crushed, and cause damage to the goods.

3. Road transportation of coal fuel

The improvement of highway traffic construction, the increase of automobile transportation speed and the increase of vehicle load have greatly promoted the development of fuel logistics in the south.

(1) Coal is calculated by the cost of road transportation. Enterprises use automobile road transport to transport every ton of coal from the western source to the Pearl River Delta region. This type of transportation is generally settled once, and the loss of goods is small and negligible.

The total cost of logistics is up to 1,180 yuan / ton (sometimes lower cost), which includes all costs such as coal prices, automobile road freight, transit fees and handling charges.

(2) Advantages of using coal for road transportation

One is speed. Immediately after the coal is mined, it is manually loaded onto the car and transported to the transit site via short-distance transportation. Because the car's itinerary is fixed, it is easy to determine the time of travel, and the transportation is sufficient. You can choose the right tonnage car according to your needs. The time for stacking goods in transit is generally very short. The normal transportation time from transit to Zhongshan, Foshan and other places in the Pearl River Delta is 2-3 days, and the logistics speed is greatly improved.

The second is quality. By using road transportation, the logistics procedures are greatly simplified, and the number of transit loading and unloading is small, which greatly reduces the transit time and coal stacking time, ensures the quality of coal, and also greatly reduces the loss of goods.

The improvement of highway infrastructure makes the logistics using single road transportation method fast and efficient. The safe and simple features cater to the characteristics of coal logistics, minimizing the loss of goods, and the procedure is convenient and the procedure is simple. The development of logistics today.

The third is risk. Car scheduling is more flexible than trains and ships, and the freight time is shortened, which reduces the risk of weathering and deterioration of coal.

From the above analysis, it can be seen that from the aspects of logistics cost, cargo quality or logistics efficiency, the adoption of highway automobile transportation by Ximei South Transportation is more economical and reasonable than multimodal transportation, and has more market competitive advantages.

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