What harm does white garbage bring to the deep-sea ecosystem? On May 14, the reporter interviewed the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the “Marine National Laboratoryâ€) to track the hazards and effects of white garbage. Tracing back to the source of the deep sea White pollution or white garbage refers to garbage or pollution caused by discarded plastic products. According to statistics, more than 8 million tons of plastic waste enters the ocean every year, accounting for 80% of global marine waste. Sun Xiaoxia, a researcher at the Marine National Laboratory's Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Functional Laboratory, said that at present, there are three main sources of white garbage in the ocean: First, land source input, which is the main source of white garbage. Used agricultural film, packaging plastic bags and disposable plastic tableware are difficult to be reused. Most of them are abandoned in the environment, and some enter the ocean with rivers. In addition, plastic garbage in coastal cities is dumped at will, directly Enter the ocean. Second, the import of marine activities, such as maritime shipping, fishery production, marine scientific research and other activities in the process of plastic waste, due to improper disposal, inevitably into the ocean. Third, white garbage such as ultra-thin plastic bags that are carried by the atmosphere, flying with the wind, flying around or hanging branches, may be carried into the sea by the wind, becoming a "invisible killer" that harms the marine environment. These white garbage entering the ocean are distributed in various waters and are constantly moving. Among them, the dense plastic waste can sink directly into the sea floor. Less dense plastic garbage, some in the ocean with mud and sand or "ocean snow", gradually sinking into the seabed; some may move with complex water flow, such as downflow, sedimentation of the seabed; some are eaten by marine organisms Biological excreta enters the deep sea; some attach to the surface of the organism, and have the opportunity to become white garbage in the deep sea as the creature moves vertically and horizontally. White garbage has brought great harm to the deep-sea ecosystem. Sun Xiaoxia pointed out that the impact of white garbage on deep-sea ecosystems is similar and different from other sea areas. In common that the white trash difficult to degrade in the ocean, long-lived; which the continuous release of toxic substances into the environment itself contains; may also be used as a carrier, in the surrounding water adsorption of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants; It is easy to adhere to deep-sea organisms, causing mechanical damage to organisms, or hindering the normal predation of organisms, thereby threatening their survival; it is also easy to be preyed by marine organisms, affecting the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. The difference is that in other sea areas, plastic products can be broken due to photochemical effects and physical effects such as wind, waves and currents. In the deep sea, the sea water flows weakly and without light, and the white garbage entering it is not effective. Broken, the degradation cycle is relatively longer; due to its special environmental conditions, the deep sea is weak or no light, cold and high pressure, the bio-community is single, and the ecosystem is fragile. Therefore, the potential hazard of white garbage to deep-sea ecosystems may be more serious. White garbage not only has a significant impact on the deep-sea ecosystem, but also causes great trouble to human production and life. Sun Xiaoxia emphasized that in addition to visual pollution, white garbage mainly affects fishery production and pollutes water bodies. The poisonous components in white garbage are easy to enter into the ocean or infiltrate into the groundwater body during runoff; when piled up, a large amount of organic pollutants are generated, which can dissolve heavy metals in the soil, allowing them to enter the ocean with surface runoff. Countries join hands Strictly limited use of Plastic Shopping Bags White garbage has become an important environmental pollution problem that is extremely harmful and worthy of global attention. Faced with the global problem of “white pollutionâ€, many countries in the world have introduced various laws and regulations to restrict plastic shopping bags. Sun Xiaoxia said that in the United States, California first announced the ban on the use of plastic bags, and major cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles and Washington have successively introduced a decree restricting the use of plastic bags. For example, if San Francisco supermarkets provide plastic bags to consumers, they will be punished. fine. In the UK, allowing unauthorized people to clean up garbage has long been classified as illegal, and any family that dumps garbage will be fined £400. France invested 45 million euros in 2016, increased the classification and collection point of plastic waste, and optimized the distribution of sorting points according to the population, and strived to increase the recycling rate of plastic packaging to 46%. African countries have also introduced "plastic bag bans", and Tanzania has banned the use of plastic bags from 30 microns to 65 microns thick. Since 2005, Rwanda has banned the use and import of plastic bags with thicknesses below 100 microns. Kenyan Environment Minister Judy Wakhongu announced the “Plastic Bag Ban†on March 15, 2017, stating that Kenya will ban the use, manufacture and import of all plastic bags for commercial and household packaging, all Kenyan supermarkets, shopping malls, and collections. Plastic shopping bags will no longer be available at retail outlets such as the Trade Market. Since 2002, Bangladesh has announced the ban on the use of plastic bags. After that, 315 factories producing plastic bags were closed in the country, and the use of plastic bags was reduced by 90%. The law stipulates that people who import or sell plastic bags can be sentenced to up to 10 years. The sentence, the person who issued the plastic bag was sentenced to six months in prison. The United Nations Environment Program recently released the theme of World Environment Day 2018, "The Quick Decision of Plastics," and called on all countries in the world to work together to fight the problem of disposable plastic pollution. Big country Governing "white pollution" to contribute to China's strength In recent years, China has also proposed a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for ecological civilization construction and ecological environmental protection, and formed an important strategic thinking of the scientific system of ecological civilization construction. A number of special measures have been introduced to alleviate the pressure of “white pollutionâ€. These include special management of disposable plastic packaging boxes and forced recycling of used plastics. At the end of 2007, the General Office of the State Council promulgated the “Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Restricting the Production, Sale and Use of Plastic Shopping Bagsâ€, which is commonly referred to as the “plastic limit order†by the media, which stipulates the ban on production, sales and use of thickness throughout the country. Plastic shopping bags of less than 0.025 mm, at the same time in supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other commodity retail sites to implement the use of plastic shopping bags paid system, no free plastic shopping bags. Mainland China has a coastline of about 18,000 kilometers, ranking fourth in the world. The coastal areas are full of cities, economically developed and populous, making China's offshore areas a major area for plastic waste collection. The National Laboratory of Marines will take practical actions and make unremitting efforts. We will ensure China's marine ecological security, actively integrate into global marine micro-plastics monitoring and international governance, and provide ideological guidance, practical follow-up and forward momentum for promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature and building beautiful China.
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The deepest trench in the world has become a "junkyard"! How to deal with "white pollution"?
Scientists at the Japan Ocean-Earth Science and Technology Research Institute have discovered a large amount of white garbage in the depth of 11,000 meters in the Mariana Trench. Not long ago, China’s 34th Antarctic expedition team also found white garbage in the Davis Sea area of ​​Antarctica.