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High-chromium cast iron wire is used for wear repair below 50 °C; drill-based chrome-tungsten alloy wire is used for wear repair between 60 and 800 °C; tungsten carbide flux-cored wire is designed for wear repair in severe abrasive wear. Gas protection surfacing efficiency is high, but equipment investment is high; oxygen-acetylene welding has the lowest efficiency and maximum deformation, but the investment is minimal and does not depend on the power supply; manual arc welding is between the two; which method should be selected according to the specific conditions.
Spray metal spraying process aerobic-acetylene spraying and plasma spraying. Oxygen-acetylene spraying has the characteristics of simple equipment, low investment, flexible process and easy transfer, but the flame temperature is low and the coating is not tightly bonded. Plasma spraying has the characteristics of high temperature, concentrated energy and good bonding strength of the coating, but the equipment investment is large. The process cost is high. The solder powder used for spraying has nickel-based, copper-based and iron-based alloy powders. Nickel base has comprehensive properties such as good plasticity, corrosion resistance, high heat resistance, oxidation resistance and wear resistance. It is commonly used for the repair of shaft parts. Copper base has good friction reducing and corrosion resistance, and is often used for plain bearings. Repair of the friction surface. Iron-based stainless steel and high-chromium cast iron, stainless steel has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, commonly used for valve repair; high chromium cast iron is often used in abrasive wear. Compared with surfacing, spraying has the shortcomings of short repair period, but the coating bonding strength is poor.
Electroplating is one of the important methods for repairing parts. The deposition process of the plating layer is not high, and the surface of the part will not be thermally deformed and the metallographic structure will change. The most commonly used is chrome plating. Chrome plating can be generally divided into decorative chrome and wear-resistant chrome. Decorative chrome is often used for surface decoration of parts, and wear-resistant chrome is used for part wear repair. Wear-resistant chrome has the advantages of high hardness, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance. It is suitable for the wear repair of shaft parts, stamping dies, plastic molds, glass molds, pistons of internal combustion engines, especially suitable for wear. Occasionally; however, the chrome plating process has disadvantages such as low productivity, polishing and environmental protection problems before plating.
In recent years, the surface sticking technology has developed rapidly, and it has gradually been applied and promoted in the field of parts wear and repair. Foreign repair agents such as Defu Kang, Belzona, Loctite, etc. have their agents in China; there are also domestic manufacturers dedicated to this aspect of exploration, such as Beijing Tiangongyu, Tianshan. The wear and tear repair process of the parts is basically the same as the bonding process, that is, adding an anti-wear agent to the adhesive. The anti-wear agent can be generally divided into metal powder, cemented carbide powder, carbide and ceramic powder to meet different needs. Surface bonding has the advantages of low process cost, no need for equipment investment, no deformation of parts, no change in metallographic structure, but also problems such as low strength, high temperature resistance and aging. Wear and repair is a comprehensive subject. With the development of tribology theory and the advancement of materials science, its connotation will be continuously updated. The repair process is unique, but it will inevitably be refreshed with the pace of the times.