Recently, 9 ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Environmental Protection jointly convened the National Environmental Protection Transformation Action Conference in 2011 to focus this year's special action on the “Sword and Finger†heavy metal pollution problem. Among them, the rectification of lead battery companies has become the top priority for China’s environmental protection action this year. According to the data released by the Ministry of Land and Resources, environmental protection experts estimate that the amount of food polluted by heavy metals in the country is as high as 12 million tons per year, which is equivalent to the total grain output of Guangdong in a year, and can support 40 million people who live in the Pearl River Delta. Heavy metals pollute at least 10% of China's arable land According to the Minister of Environmental Protection Minister Zhou Shengxian, according to the “Twelve Five Year Plan†of the “Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution,†by 2015, the discharge of heavy metal pollutants such as lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, and metalloid arsenic in key areas was reduced compared to 2007. 15%, and require all localities to comprehensively launch the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, and lay a solid battle against the comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. Why does heavy metal pollution become the top priority in environmental protection during the "12th Five-Year Plan"? The Ministry of Land and Natural Resources has no doubt that the country is only producing more than 10 million tons of grain each year because of heavy metal pollution. In addition, the amount of food polluted by heavy metals is as much as 12 million tons each year, and the total economic loss is at least 20 billion yuan, which is enough to support more than a year. More than 40 million people. After comparison, experts found that 12 million tons of grain is almost equivalent to a year's total food production in Guangdong Province, and more than 40 million people are equivalent to the permanent population of the entire Pearl River Delta. According to researcher Chen Tongbin, director of the Center for Environmental Remediation at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, heavy metal pollution in China is only sporadically distributed in the north, while it is intensive in the south. According to his survey, he is more likely to contaminate about 10% of cultivated land in China. Among them, the ratio of cadmium pollution and arsenic pollution is the largest, accounting for about 40% of the contaminated farmland. Pearl River Delta 40% Agricultural Land Excessive Heavy Metals According to a survey conducted by the National Environmental Protection Agency on the “Study on the Status of Soil Quality in Typical Regionsâ€, nearly 40% of the cities in the Pearl River Delta have excessive levels of heavy metal pollution in the soil of farmland, of which 10% are severely exceeded. The major elements of the heavy metals in the PRD survey area were: cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, and nickel. Among them, the content of mercury in the soil has increased significantly, with an increase of more than 70% to 150%. About 50% of the investigations in the survey area showed a significant increase in the level of lead in the soil. The increase was mostly around 30%. The "Guangdong Provincial Marine Environmental Quality Bulletin" released in 2008 showed that rivers such as the Pearl River and the Shenzhen River carried more than 12,000 tons of heavy metal and metal-like arsenic into the sea. Professor Li Zhian of the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Nanfang Daily reporter that in recent years he has participated in the restoration of contaminated soil in the Pearl River Delta, where the irrigation water is affected by the emissions of surrounding enterprises, leading to heavy metal-pollution of farmland. “The current heavy metal soil remediation technology is still immature, and it will take at least two or three years for it to be restored to the arable level. Moreover, the restoration does not mean that the heavy metal is completely eliminated, but the concentration is reduced. If not repaired, heavy metals can generally remain. For decades, lead, for example, can remain on farmland for 100 years.†Yang Wenji, a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, pointed out that environmental pollution such as heavy metal pollution in the soil has a wide range of impacts, a wide area of ​​influence, and a large population. For example, she said that heavy metal cadmium poisoning can be manifested after 20-30 years, although organic chlorine farmers have been banned for many years, but at present in some fetuses, infants and young children can also be detected. The battery industry is the culprit of heavy metal pollution Heavy metal pollution makes the battery industry a target of public criticism. According to the "Comprehensive Prevention Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution in the Battery Industry" of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the heavy metal consumption of the battery industry is high, and the risk of heavy metal pollution in the production, recycling, and recycling sectors is high. Mercury-containing button batteries, mercury-containing zinc-manganese batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries are disposed of as ordinary garbage after disposal, and there are hidden dangers of heavy metal pollution. According to Li Weishan, a battery expert and director of the Huashi Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, at present, among the batteries that people have come into contact with, those containing harmful heavy metals, such as automotive lead batteries and home video cameras and other digital products, have all been included. List of hazardous waste controls. “But the former has no substitutes, and domestic production capacity is still very large. The latter has lithium-ion batteries that can be replaced, but because of cost and other reasons, there are still market demands for nickel-cadmium batteries.†With the emergence of “blowout†growth in the domestic automotive market, vehicle batteries have developed rapidly. According to statistics from the China Battery Industry Association, China’s battery output accounts for more than half of the world’s total. Last year, lead-acid batteries cumulatively produced 1441.6 million kVA, a year-on-year increase. 17.3%. About 400 million cadmium nickel batteries. China Battery Industry Association released China's battery industry market research and analysis believes that lead-acid batteries are highly polluting products, the two production processes of milling and acid addition to the surrounding environment, in serious cases, lead to lead poisoning or lead to acid rain form. Li Weishan stated that in addition to doing a good job in waste disposal, it is also necessary to advocate clean production and reduce pollution emissions at the source. “Guangdong is a province with a large battery production, and it needs to pay special attention to the recent blood lead incidents in Zhejiang Taizhou and Qingyuan in 2009. ." Less than 30% lead battery recycling rate Another reason for the large pollution in the battery industry is the low recovery rate. According to the calculation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in 2009, the total amount of waste water discharged by battery companies was more than 12 million tons, of which lead battery companies discharged more than 10 million tons of waste water; more than 220,000 tons of solid waste containing heavy metals, including more than 21 million tons of solid waste containing lead, The solid waste containing cadmium is about 4,000 tons; the organized recycling rate of waste lead batteries is less than 30%. Yang Yusheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, pointed out that the regeneration of lead-acid batteries is now commonly used dry regeneration technology, its drawback is that the lead recovery rate is not high, energy consumption is not low, should be upgraded. In addition, manual “recycling†of lead-acid battery regeneration should be firmly banned. 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